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S K Y G L O B E 1.1
A Shareware Product of Klassm Software
Copyright (c) 1989 Mark A. Haney
Congratulations! You have a copy of Skyglobe, the fun and easy
educational astronomy program. Skyglobe is distributed as
Shareware to reach the widest possible audience, so let's take
care of the legalities first.
Skyglobe is copyrighted material. You are granted permission
to try out Skyglobe to see if it merits inclusion in your
software library. If you decide to keep Skyglobe, you should
register your copy by sending either $10 or $15 to:
Klassm Software
5772 Blaze Trail
Roscommon, MI 48653
The $10 registration fee entitles you to:
1) A certificate with your registration number.
2) Instructions for bypassing the Shareware message.
3) A clear conscience.
The $15 fee includes the above PLUS:
4) The newest release of Skyglobe with YOUR location on
the location menu.
5) A handy Skyglobe reference card.
Michigan residents must include sales tax.
You are encouraged to distribute copies of Skyglobe, subject
to the following conditions:
1) All files are distributed together and unaltered.
2) No charge is made for the software.
(A small fee for media and handling is permissible.)
Skyglobe was developed with registered Shareware. Please
support the Shareware concept by registering your copy of
S K Y G L O B E ! ! !
SKYGLOBE ORDER FORM
You can use this form to register your copy of Skyglobe.
Type of Registration: Registration Only $10 Full Registration $15
(circle one) Certificate Certificate
Handy Reference Card
Skyglobe program
w/Your Home Town
Shipping Address: Name:
........................................
Street:
......................................
City, ST, ZIP
................................
Home Town:
.............................................
Disk Type: 5 1/4" 3 1/2"
(circle one)
Default Video Mode: Mono Color
(circle one each) Hercules CGA
EGA EGA
Make checks payable to Klassm Software.
Michigan residents add 4% sales tax.
Mail to: Klassm Software
5772 Blaze Trail
Roscommon, MI 48653
Thanks, and I hope you enjoy Skyglobe!
-3-
Quick Starting Instructions
These instructions will enable you to get Skyglobe up and
running as quickly as possible. Then you can return to the doc-
umentation to learn about Skyglobe's advanced features.
SKYGLOBE.COM is the only file that is absolutely necessary
to run Skyglobe. If you wish to view the sky as it appears from
any location other than Roscommon, you will need to have the file
SKYGLOBE.DAT as well. Make certain these files are in the currently
active directory, type SKYGLOBE, and press the Enter key.
You will see a screen containing Shareware registration infor-
mation similar to the first page of this documentation. At the
bottom of screen you will see a menu that asks you to select a
video adapter. If you have a color system you may choose between
CGA or 16-color EGA graphics modes. If you use a monochrome
monitor you will decide between Hercules compatible or EGA mono-
chrome graphics modes. Some sort of graphics adapter is necessary
in order to run Skyglobe.
Now that we have chosen the video mode we will select the view-
ing location. For simplicity's sake I suggest you simply press Enter
and choose Roscommon. Go ahead and use the menus to choose the city
nearest to your home town if you prefer. (If you register your copy
of Skyglobe, your home town will appear as the default option instead
of Roscommon.)
Another Shareware message will appear. Read this carefully, then
press any key. Almost instantly the screen will show the sky as it
appears right now in the southeast. Watch for a moment, and you can
see the stars that are rising this minute. The curved line near the
bottom of the screen represents the Horizon, while the cross near
the top stands for the Zenith. The view is changing in increments of
one minute, with the actual speed of change depending on the speed of
your computer. The left-hand side of the display shows the Date and
Time, along with other useful information. The right-hand side will
remind you of some common Skyglobe commands.
Let's try a few of these commands. First press 'A' to stop the
Automatic increment of time. Press 'B' for Brightness a few times
and watch more stars appear. Also notice the Brightness Index change.
Most actions in Skyglobe are reversed by using the Shift key. Press
'Shift-B', and watch the dimmest stars vanish. Try 'Z' and 'Shift-Z'
to Zoom in and out.
Want to change the time? Try 'M', 'H', 'D' and 'T' for Month,
Hour, Day and Time (in minutes). Change the number of Constellation
Lines displayed by using the Space bar. (Make sure to hold down the
Shift key for this until you're done deleting lines.) Use the cursor
keys to change the Viewing Direction and Elevation. And if you ever
need to your use computer for something besides Skyglobe, press 'Q'
to return to DOS.
I hope this quick introduction has gotten you started with Sky-
globe. More detailed descriptions of the commands appear in the fol-
lowing pages. Have fun!
-4-
Skyglobe Command Descriptions
A 1-page summary of Skyglobe commands is the final page of this
documentation. Registered users will receive this summary on a refer-
ence card that also includes star and constellation indexes.
Time and Date Commands
Skyglobe provides many ways to change the Time or Date of the
displayed sky view. You can change the Time forward or backward by a
minute, an hour, or half an hour. The Date can be changed forward or
backward by a day, a month, or half a month. Use the table below:
Forward Backward
1 Minute Press 'T' Press 'Shift-T'
1 Hour 'H' 'Shift-H'
1/2 Hour 'Alt-H' 'Alt-Shift-H'
1 Day 'D' 'Shift-D'
1 Month (30 days) 'M' 'Shift-M'
1/2 Month (15 days) 'Alt-M' 'Alt-Shift-M'
One of Skyglobe's most useful features is the Auto-Increment mode.
This gives you the ability to simulate the passage of time on your com-
puter. To enter or exit this mode, press 'A'. The sky view will begin
to change in a manner that depends on the Auto-Increment parameters. To
see these parameters press 'F2' until they are visible on the left-hand
display. Use 'Alt-A' to change the increment type from Time to Date and
back. Use 'Shift-A' to change the direction of increment from Forward to
Backward and back. You can also change the speed of increment. The Time
increment speed is changed by using 'Alt-T' and 'Alt-Shift-T'. 'Alt-D'
and 'Alt-Shift-D' are used to change the Date increment speed.
Where Are We Looking?
Now let's learn about how Skyglobe interprets directions. The
program assumes you are standing outside and that your eyes are
facing the direction your feet are pointing. This is the View Dir-
ection. The display shows this direction in degrees, ranging from
0 for due north, through 180 degrees for due south, to 350 degrees
for 10 degrees west of north. The View Direction is also indicated
along the Horizon line by initials.
The View Elevation ranges from 0 degrees to 180. The Horizon ap-
pears as a straight line at the 0 degree setting. It might help to
imagine that you are extremely short for this one, so that the ground
covers the lower half of your eyes, but is transparent. The 90 degree
setting is like looking straight overhead at the Zenith. Skyglobe also
permits you to bend over backwards, figuratively speaking, and pretend
that you are viewing the sky behind you. Since the View Direction
still stands for your feet, moving around might be little confusing
when you view the sky this way.
-5-
Moving Around
Skyglobe provides many convenient methods for rapidly changing
the sky view. The up and down arrow keys change the View Elevation
by 5 degrees. The right and left arrow keys work with the View
Direction. When the View Elevation is near the Horizon these keys
work about as you expect, but nearer to the Zenith they rotate the
view more than they move it. This is correct when you remember that
the View Direction stands for where your feet are pointing. PgUp and
PgDn change Elevation in multiple jumps, while Ctrl-Left and Ctrl-
Right do the same for Direction. The End key jumps you directly to
the Horizon, and the Home key goes to the Zenith. Finally, you can
change the View Direction instantly to compass points by pressing
'N', 'S', 'E' or 'W'.
What Do We See?
Lots and lots of stars! You can change the number of stars
displayed by pressing 'B' for Brightness to increase the number, or
'Shift-B' to decrease it. The table below shows the correspondence
between the Brightness Index and the number displayed.
1-192 5-384 9-640 13-1280
2-224 6-448 10-768 14-1536
3-256 7-512 11-896 15-2048
4-320 8-576 12-1024 16-3250
Skyglobe allows you to adjust the magnification of your sky
view. At a nominal magnification of 1, half of the celestial sphere
is visible. Since the eye can focus on far less area than this, a
certain amount of distortion is evident at low magnifications. Still,
you can use these views to quickly find areas of interest. The center
of the screen is always the most accurate portion. Use 'Z' to increase
the magnification and 'Shift-Z' to decrease it. The table shows the
correspondence between the Zoom Index and the magnification.
1-1.00 5-1.20 9-1.60 13-2.25
2-1.05 6-1.30 10-1.70 14-2.50
3-1.10 7-1.40 11-1.80 15-3.00
4-1.15 8-1.50 12-2.00 16-3.50
Lines And Labels
One of the most useful features of Skyglobe is its ability to
quickly and easily change the lines and labels that help our eyes
and minds make sense of the vastness of the sky. This can be very
helpful to the novice just learning the stars. Use the Space bar
to increase the number of Constellation Lines displayed. As always,
use the Shift key to reduce the number of lines. The Constellation
Lines have been grouped by importance, with some constellations
having several classes of lines. The constellations also have
abbreviations available for display. Use 'C' to display more of
these, 'Shift-C' for fewer. The abbreviations are in the same
groupings as the lines. The 300 brightest stars can be labelled by
using 'L' and 'Shift-L' to see more or fewer labels.
-6-
What Is A Toggle?
Many of the display features in Skyglobe can be instantly
turned off or turned back on by pressing a single function key.
A list follows.
F1-Help Menu F7-Ecliptic line dots
F3-Horizon Line F8-Star Labels
F4-Hash-Mark and Zenith F9-Constellation Labels
F5-Latitude line dots F10-Constellation Lines
F6-Longitude line dots
The F2 key is used to change the left-hand parameter display.
Use the Shift key to reduce the visible parameters. The Date and
Time are always displayed.
Skyglobe allows you to artificially brighten the stars that
make up the constellation lines by pressing Alt-F10. This conforms
to the same groupings as the lines themselves, so you may need to
press the key enough times to pass the number of lines displayed.
Use Alt-Shift-F10 to reduce this Cheat Index.
We haven't yet discussed a few features mentioned in the above
function key list. Skyglobe can display Latitude, Longitude and
Ecliptic lines to help you orient yourself on the celestial sphere.
Notice how the Ecliptic passes through the constellations of the
Zodiac, and how Orion lies right across the celestial equator.
Try looking north with Auto-Increment mode on. Watch how the sphere
appears to rotate, and how Polaris, very near the celestial pole,
seems almost motionless.
Finding Stars And Constellations
The 'F' and number keys provide a useful feature. Pressing
'F' enters the Find mode. The top line of the display tells us
that we can ask Skyglobe to find either Sirius or Andromeda.
We choose Sirius by pressing 'S', 'Shift-S', 'Alt-S' or simply
Enter. In all cases the program will attempt to place Sirius at
the center of the display. The different choices tell Skyglobe to
look for the best Spot, Time or Date, respectively, to display the
star. If we wish instead to choose the constellation, we press 'C',
'Shift-C' or 'Alt-C' to use the same method to find it. To find
different stars or constellations, use the cursor keys to move
through the list. Try PgDn, PgUp, End and Home to speed up the
process.
Alternatively, you could enter the number directly. The
proper numbers for the stars and constellations can be found near
the end of this documentation, or on the handy Skyglobe Reference
Card. It is often best to change the View Direction to south before
searching for the best Time or Date to view objects. If an object
is not visible, try changing the Time or Date if searching by Spot,
or changing the View Direction or Elevation if by Time or Date.
-7-
Changing Viewing Locations
One of the most popular pastimes for new astronomers is seeing
what the sky looks like from other places. Perhaps you're thinking
of moving, and want to make sure the stars will still be interesting
to view from your prospective new home. (They will be!) Rather than
quitting the program and choosing a different location from the menu,
simply press 'G'. Once you make your new choice you will return to
the program with all your other parameters just the way you left them.
If you wish to move a small amount in a compass direction, try
'Alt-N', 'Alt-S', 'Alt-E' or 'Alt-W'. Then you can change locations
without ever taking your eyes off the current display. The east and
west moves simply have the effect of changing the local time by 1
minute. The north-south changes are usually 1/4 degree, about 17
miles. The increment increases near the poles and the equator.
You may instantly change your location between the North and
South Hemispheres by pressing 'Alt-F' to Flip between the two.
What Else Is There?
Only a few miscellaneous tidbits remain. Those of you with
Epson compatible printers can obtain printouts of the screen by
using 'P', 'Shift-P' and 'Alt-P'. The first two of these are land-
scape views, the last is a portrait display. If there are problems
with printing, such as double-spacing, you may need to change the
Print Parameters. Use F2 to view the current settings, then use
'Alt-Shift-P' to roll through the different combinations until you
get one that works for you. Pressing any key while printing stops
the process, although most printers have buffers that will hold
several lines.
Skyglobe uses Daylight Savings Time where and when it thinks
it is appropriate. This is denoted by an upper-case 'A' or 'P' in
the Time display. You can defeat or reinstate this feature by
pressing 'V'.
Finally, press 'Q' to return to DOS.
Thanks For Your Support!
I hope you enjoy Skyglobe! Even if you decide not to register
your copy of Skyglobe, please pass it on to anyone who may find it
interesting. Thanks, and have fun learning about the stars!
-8-
Skyglobe and the Stars - Some Background Information
Why do we see different stars at different times? The
Earth makes one complete rotation every day. If there were no
Sun we could see that the stars appear to make one complete
revolution at the same time. The North Star, Polaris (#51), is
almost directly above the North Pole on the Earth's axis of
rotation. So the stars near the North Star (about halfway up
the northern sky in mid-northern latitudes) make tiny little
circles every day. Farther away from the North Star the stars
and the constellations they form wheel across the sky in huge
arcs before they disappear below the horizon.
Why do we see different stars at different dates? Imagine
midnight in April. The Sun is behind the Earth, and you are
facing away from it if you face due south. Now imagine
midnight in October, six months later. You are still facing
away from the Sun. But because the Earth has moved halfway
around the Sun in its yearly orbit, you are looking in exactly
the opposite direction to the one you were in April. So
different stars are visible at midnight, and the ones near the
North Star have made half a revolution. If there were no Sun,
you could see that at noon the October sky is the same as the
midnight sky in April.
Before Standard Time Zones were instituted, the Sun was
due south at noon everywhere. That was what noon meant. Now
that is true only if you happen to live near the center of the
time zone. If you live in Michigan, the Sun is due south
around 12:30 or so. In New York City, which is in the same
time zone, the Sun reaches due south a few minutes before
noon, over a half hour earlier than in Michigan. The Sun reaches
due south somewhat later in Chicago than in Michigan, but be-
cause Chicago is in the Central time zone this occurs before
12:00PM. This has to be allowed for to make the display correct,
and is unique to each location. Daylight Saving Time is handled
in a similar manner, and is indicated on the Time Display by an
upper case 'A' or 'P'.
The sky can be viewed as a sphere with the Earth at the
center, and the stars as fixed points on the sphere. Any
attempt to represent this 3-dimensional space on a 2-dimen-
sional surface inevitably introduces some distortion. Skyglobe
uses a stereographic projection that can be calculated very
rapidly and is quite accurate at the center of the screen. Al-
though the edges of the screen suffer significant distortion,
Skyglobe is so fast that any desired view can be located
almost instantly. The illusion that the stars form a sphere
with the viewer on the outside is a result of the projection,
and it is just that, an illusion.
-9-
Background Continued
Another issue that must be dealt with is double stars.
Perhaps as many as half of all stars are actually multiple
star systems. The naked eye frequently interprets two dim
stars close together as one brighter star. Many 'stars' that
serve as end-points on constellation lines fit into this
category. If these stars were left dim and separate they would
appear 'invisible' at low brightnesses and make constellation
shapes unrecognizable. At higher brightnesses and low magnif-
ications these stars would be plotted on top of one another as
points, still artificially dim. The solution is to combine
magnitudes for these stars. The ordering of stars in Skyglobe
reflects this combination, so at medium brightnesses and
magnifications the display is as realistic as possible. The
dimmer star is retained at its actual brightness, so at very
high magnifications and brightnesses you will see one
artificially bright star and one accurate dim star.
Skyglobe contains coordinates for 3250 stars, the most
that could be included in a .COM file. The coordinates were
obtained from Sky Catalogue 2000.0 by Sky Publishing Co.,
whose permission to use the data is gratefully acknowledged.
About 6000 stars down to magnitude 6.5 or so can be seen by
the naked eye under perfect conditions. Skyglobe contains all
stars down to about magnitude 5.0, plus all stars dimmer than
this that have Greek-letter or numerical constellation
designations in Sky Catalogue 2000.0.
Skyglobe was programmed entirely in assembly language for
maximum speed. As much processing as possible was done before-
hand and the results placed in tables. Since there is necessarily
a tradeoff between speed and accuracy, the precision of the star
coordinates was carefully matched to the resolution of the graph-
ics display and the projection algorithm chosen. The code was
hand-optimized for speed, without regard for size or ugliness.
Of course, no program is perfect. Any suggestions or bug reports
would be greatly appreciated. Future releases of Skyglobe will
contain some of the following enhancements:
More Stars The Planets The Sun and The Moon
Messier Objects Mouse Support Constellation Boundary Lines
More Use of Color Enhanced VGA modes
Apple and Commodore versions of Skyglobe may also be
made available at a later date.
-10-
Some Frequently Asked Questions
How can I speed up Skyglobe?
There are really two answers to this question. Skyglobe
always does what you ask it to do as fast as it can. (We think
it's pretty fast!) The trick is to ask it to do things in a
way that seems faster.
The first method involves asking Skyglobe to do less work.
The easiest way is to turn off the Help Menu by pressing F1.
Then turn off everything else you can do without: ecliptic,
latitude and longitude lines; extra constellation lines; dim
stars.
The second method applies only to Auto-Increment mode.
Skyglobe starts off changing the view one minute at a time.
You can increase this rate by pressing Alt-T. Another way is
to change the increment type to Date mode by pressing Alt-A,
and increasing the Date increment rate by pressing Alt-D.
Why doesn't Caps Lock have any effect?
To avoid confusion it was decided to ignore Caps Lock.
Why doesn't the Shift-key always work?
This applies only to Shift-SPACE and Shift-Alt functions.
For those keys the computer only checks the Shift condition
when the SPACE or Alt-letter key is finally processed. If you
let up on the Shift key before the computer is ready to
process the SPACE or Alt-letter key, the Shift state you had
intended goes un-noticed. So you end up adding constellation
lines that you just deleted. Either hold the Shift key down
for a while on multiple Shift-SPACES, or use F10 to kill all
constellation lines at once.
Why doesn't anything happen when I press 'V'?
Either the date is not appropriate for Daylight Saving
Time, or you chose a location that does not use it.
Nothing happens when I try to print.
Skyglobe assumes you have an Epson compatible printer
powered on, selected and connected to LPT1. You can change the
port by using F2 to see the print parameters and Alt-Sh-P to
change them. Skyglobe does not currently support other
printers.
-11-
There are blank lines when I try to print.
Your printer adds line feeds when it receives a carriage
return character. Use F2 to display the Print Parameters.
Then press Alt-Sh-P to change to 'Do Not Add Line Feeds'.
Nothing happens when I try to change locations.
Skyglobe needs the file SKYGLOBE.DAT in the currently
active directory in order to change locations. If you do not
have the file SKYGLOBE.DAT, you can obtain a registered copy
of the program by sending $15 to:
Klassm Software
5772 Blaze Trail
Roscommon, MI 48653
My location is not near a choice on the location menu.
You can make your city or town the default choice on the
location menu by obtaining a registered copy of Skyglobe.
Follow the instructions above.
List of Constellations
1 And Andromeda 31 Cyg Cygnus 61 Pav Pavo
2 Ant Antlia 32 Del Delphinus 62 Peg Pegasus
3 Aps Apus 33 Dor Dorado 63 Per Perseus
4 Aql Aquila 34 Dra Draco 64 Phe Phoenix
5 Aqr Aquarius 35 Equ Equuleus 65 Pic Pictor
6 Ara Ara 36 Eri Eridanus 66 PsA Piscis Austrinus
7 Ari Aries 37 For Fornax 67 Psc Pisces
8 Aur Auriga 38 Gem Gemini 68 Pup Puppis
9 Boo Bootes 39 Gru Grus 69 Pyx Pyxis
10 Cae Caelum 40 Her Hercules 70 Ret Reticulum
11 Cam Camelopardalis 41 Hor Horologium 71 Scl Sculptor
12 Cap Capricornus 42 Hya Hydra 72 Sco Scorpius
13 Car Carina 43 Hyi Hydrus 73 Sct Scutum
14 Cas Cassiopeia 44 Ind Indus 74 Ser Serpens Caput
15 Cen Centaurus 45 Lac Lacerta 75 Ser Serpens Cauda
16 Cep Cepheus 46 Leo Leo 76 Sex Sextans
17 Cet Cetus 47 Lep Lepus 77 Sge Sagitta
18 Cha Chamaeleon 48 Lib Libra 78 Sgr Sagittarius
19 Cir Circinus 49 LMi Leo Minor 79 Tau Taurus
20 CMa Canis Major 50 Lup Lupus 80 Tel Telescopium
21 CMi Canis Minor 51 Lyn Lynx 81 TrA Triangulum Australe
22 Cnc Cancer 52 Lyr Lyra 82 Tri Triangulum
23 Col Columba 53 Men Mensa 83 Tuc Tucana
24 Com Coma Berenices 54 Mic Microscopium 84 UMa Ursa Major
25 CrA Corona Australis 55 Mon Monoceros 85 UMi Ursa Minor
26 CrB Corona Borealis 56 Mus Musca 86 Vel Vela
27 Crt Crater 57 Nor Norma 87 Vir Virgo
28 Cru Crux 58 Oct Octans 88 Vol Volans
29 Crv Corvus 59 Oph Ophiucus 89 Vul Vulpecula
30 CVn Canes Venatici 60 Ori Orion
-12-
Star Names
1 Sirius 56 Saiph 111 Ruchbah
2 Canopus 57 Gamma Centauri 112 Muphrid
3 Arcturus 58 Mizar 113 Mu Velorum
4 Alpha Centauri 59 Kochab 114 Alpha Muscae
5 Vega 60 Rasalhague 115 Lesath
6 Capella 61 Almach 116 Iota Aurigae
7 Rigel 62 Beta Gruis 117 Kaus Media
8 Procyon 63 Algol 118 Pi Puppis
9 Achernar 64 Denebola 119 Tarazed
10 Betelgeuse 65 Sadr 120 Yed Prior
11 Hadar 66 Lambda Velorum 121 Porrima
12 Altair 67 Schedar 122 Iota Centauri
13 Aldebaran 68 Alphecca 123 Zubenelgenubi
14 Acrux 69 Eltanin 124 Iota Orionis
15 Antares 70 Mintaka 125 Kornepheros
16 Spica 71 Zeta Puppis 126 Cebalrai
17 Pollux 72 Aspidiske 127 Gamma Lupi
18 Fomalhaut 73 Caph 128 Rastaban
19 Mimosa 74 Epsilon Scorpii 129 Cursa
20 Deneb 75 Epsilon Centauri 130 Beta Hydri
21 Regulus 76 Alpha Lupi 131 Delta Crucis
22 Adhara 77 Eta Centauri 132 Cor Caroli
23 Castor 78 Delta Scorpii 133 Zeta Herculis
24 Gacrux 79 Merak 134 Kaus Borealis
25 Shaula 80 Izar 135 Rho Puppis
26 Bellatrix 81 Enif 136 Tau Scorpii
27 Elnath 82 Ankaa 137 Alcyone
28 Gamma Velorum 83 Delta Centauri 138 Algenib
29 Miaplacidus 84 Kappa Scorpii 139 Vindemiatrix
30 Alnilam 85 Scheat 140 Iota Scorpii
31 Al Nair 86 Sabik 141 Nihal
32 Alioth 87 Phecda 142 Beta Triangulum Australis
33 Alnitak 88 Alderamin 143 Beta Arae
34 Dubhe 89 Aludra 144 Atik
35 Mirfak 90 Epsilon Cygni 145 Alpha Hydri
36 Theta Scorpii 91 Gamma Cassiopeiae 146 Alpha Tucanae
37 Kaus Australis 92 Menkar 147 Theta Tauri
38 Alkaid 93 Markab 148 Delta Cygni
39 Delta Canis Majoris 94 Zeta Centauri 149 Deneb Algedi
40 Avior 95 Kappa Velorum 150 Mu Geminorum
41 Algieba 96 Graffias 151 Gamma Triangulum Australis
42 Menkalinam 97 Zosma 152 Pherkad
43 Atria 98 Zeta Ophiuci 153 Pi Scorpii
44 Alhena 99 Arneb 154 Sigma Scorpii
45 Peacock 100 Gienah 155 Pi Sagittarii
46 Delta Velorum 101 Ascella 156 Epsilon Persei
47 Mirzam 102 Theta Carinae 157 Acamar
48 Alphard 103 Zubeneschamali 158 Gomeisa
49 Hamal 104 Theta Aurigae 159 Sadalsuud
50 Nunki 105 Beta Lupi 160 Albireo
51 Polaris 106 Sheratan 161 Gamma Persei
52 Deneb Kaitos 107 Phact 162 Tau Puppis
53 Alpheratz 108 Beta Corvi 163 Matar
54 Mirach 109 Unukalhai 164 Algorab
55 Menkent 110 Eta Draconis 165 Alpha Arae
-13-
166 Zaurak 211 Theta Ursa Majoris 256 Zeta Virginis
167 Sadalmelik 212 Alpha Circini 257 Epsilon Lupi
168 Upsilon Carinae 213 Pi-3 Orionis 258 Omega Scorpii
169 Mebsuta 214 Epsilon Leporis 259 Atlas
170 Epsilon Leonis 215 Kappa Ophiuci 260 Delta Virginis
171 Alnasl 216 Zeta Cygni 261 Epsilon Cassiopeiae
172 Zeta Aquilae 217 Alpha Reticuli 262 Epsilon Hydrae
173 Epsilon Aurigae 218 G Scorpii 263 Rho Persei
174 Epsilon Corvi 219 Errai 264 q Carinae
175 Gamma Hydrae 220 Adhafera 265 Homam
176 Beta Trianguli 221 Theta Aquilae 266 Gamma Phoenicis
177 Zeta Tauri 222 Alfirk 267 Nu Centauri
178 Psi Ursa Majoris 223 Yed Posterior 268 Zeta Lupi
179 Gamma Gruis 224 Sulafat 269 Alpha Trianguli
180 Delta Perseii 225 Gamma Hydri 270 Eta Lupi
181 Dabih 226 Meissa 271 Mu Herculis
182 Furud 227 Sigma Puppis 272 Beta Pavonis
183 Segihus 228 Eta Serpentis 273 Beta Tucanae
184 Omicron Canis Majoris 229 Zeta Sagittarii 274 Eta Cephei
185 Mu Centauri 230 Delta Andromedae 275 Eta Cassiopeiae
186 Mu Scorpii 231 Pi Hydrae 276 Lambda Aquilae
187 Mira 232 Theta Ophiuci 277 Omicron Cygni
188 Tania Australis 233 Skat 278 a Carinae
189 Beta Muscae 234 Alpha Doradus 279 Tania Borealis
190 Rasalgethi 235 Alpha Pictoris 280 Eta Ceti
191 Altais 236 Propus 281 Sheliak
192 Algedi 237 Sigma Librae 282 Sigma Canis Majoris
193 Nu Hydrae 238 Edasich 283 Delta Bootis
194 Eta Sagittarii 239 Delta Gruis 284 Gamma Sagittae
195 Alpha Indi 240 Psi Geminorum 285 Psi Aquarii
196 Zeta Hydrae 241 Beta Phoenicis 286 Gamma Ceti
197 Wazn 242 Megrez 287 Gamma Tauri
198 Lambda Centauri 243 Mu Leporis 288 Chi Carinae
199 Kappa Centauri 244 Omega Carinae 289 Alula Borealis
200 Zeta Arae 245 p Carinae 290 Sadalbari
201 Alpha Lyncis 246 Tau Sagittarii 291 Upsilon Librae
202 N Velorum 247 Eta Scorpii 292 Delta Pavonis
203 Delta Herculis 248 Chertan 293 Epsilon Gruis
204 Talitha 249 Gamma Arae 294 Tau Ceti
205 Delta Lupi 250 Nu Ophiuci 295 Nekkar
206 Pi Herculis 251 Psi Puppis 296 Pi-5 Orionis
207 Zeta Draconis 252 Zeta Cephei 297 Theta Ceti
208 Phi Sagittarii 253 Delta Aquilae 298 Delta Muscae
209 Eta Aurigae 254 Eta Orionis 299 Alpha Telescopii
210 Nu Puppis 255 Muscida 300 Eta Leonis
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Alphabetical Command Summary
A Toggle Auto-Increment Mode On/Off
Sh-A Toggle Auto-Increment Direction Forward/Backward
Alt-A Toggle Auto-Increment Type Time/Date
B/Sh-B Increase/Decrease Brightness (Number of stars shown.)
C/Sh-C Increase/Decrease Constellation Label Display Index
D/Sh-D Add/Subtract 1 day from Date
Alt-D/Sh-Alt-D Add/Subtract 1 day from Date speed
E Change View Direction to EAST
Alt-E Move location 1 minute east
F Enter Find Star or Constellation Menu
Typing a number (0-9) also enters this menu, and this
menu also accepts numbers and cursor commands.
S,Sh-S,Alt-S find Stars based on best Spot, Time or Date
C,Sh-C,Alt-C find Constellations (Enter=S)
Alt-F Flip between North and South hemispheres
G Goto New Location Menu
H/Sh-H Add/Subtract 1 Hour from Time
Alt-H/Sh-Alt-H Add/Subtract 1/2 Hour from Time
L/Sh-L Increment/Decrement Star Label Display Index
M/Sh-M Add/Subtract 1 Month from Date
Alt-M/Sh-Alt-M Add/Subtract 1/2 Month from Date
N Change View Direction to NORTH
Alt-N Move location 1 unit north (usually 1/4 degree)
P/Sh-P/Alt-P Print screen by 3 different methods to Epson
compatible printer
Sh-Alt-P Change print parameters (use F2 to see)
Q Quit Exit to DOS
S Change View Direction to SOUTH
Alt-S Move location 1 unit south (usually 1/4 degree)
T/Sh-T Add/Subtract 1 minute from Time
Alt-T/Sh-Alt-T Increment/Decrement Auto-Increment Time Speed
V Toggle Daylight SaVings Time flag In Summer/Never
W Change View Direction to WEST
Alt-W Move Location 1 minute west
Z/Sh-Z Zoom In/Zoom Out
SPACE/Sh-SPACE Add/Delete Constellation Lines
Cursor Right/Left Change View Direction 10 degrees Right/Left
Cursor Up/Down Change View Elevation 5 degrees Up/Down
Home Change View Elevation to zenith (90 degrees)
End Change View Elevation to horizon (0 degrees)
Ctrl-Right/Ctrl-Left Change View Direction 30 degrees Right/Left
PgUp/PgDn Change View Elevation 15 degrees Up/Down
F1 Toggle Help display On/Off
F2/Sh-F2 Increase/Decrease Parameter display index
F3 Toggle Horizon display flag
F4 Toggle Hash-mark and Zenith cross display flag
F5 Toggle Latitude display flag
F6 Toggle Longitude display flag
F7 Toggle Ecliptic display flag
F8 Toggle Star Label display flag
F9 Toggle Constellation Label display flag
F10 Toggle Constellation Line display flag
Alt-F10/Sh-Alt-F10 Increment/Decrement Constellation Cheat Index
